Loxigen

Cancer

Cancer

The innovative research and development efforts of LoxiGen are currently concentrated on treatment of resistant-refractory TNBC patients who do not benefit currently available therapeutics in the market. At LoxiGen, we focus on addressing the overlooked need to identify novel and effective treatment strategies that will improve the benefit of the standard-of-care chemotherapy in TNBC patients who are succumbed to low rates of survival. Overexpression of lysyl oxidase family proteins have been previously associated with ECM stiffness and gain of aggressive traits, such as chemoresistance and metastasis1. Inhibiting LOX, the founding member of the family in highly stiff desmoplastic tumors, including breast and pancreatic tumors, impairs ECM crosslinking, reduces tumor stiffness and increases the efficacy of chemotherapy through various mechanisms, e.g., increased drug penetration2,3. In addition, LOX that is secreted from the hypoxic breast tumor cells accumulates at premetastatic sites, crosslinking collagen and is involved in pre-metastatic niche formation4. Inhibiting LOX blocks metastatic growth, supporting the therapeutic potential of targeting LOX to treat metastatic disease2,4. A scheme of the therapeutic potential of targeting LOX to overcome chemoresistance and block metastatic growth in is provided below.

Refrences

  1. Cetin, M., Saatci, O., Rezaeian, A-H., Rao, C. N., Beneker, C., Sreenivas, K., et al. A highly potent bi-thiazole inhibitor of LOX rewires collagen architecture and enhances chemoresponse in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Chem. Biology 2024; 31:1-16.
  2. Chitty, J.L., Yam, M., Perryman, L., Parker, A.L., Skhinas, J.N., Setargew, Y.F.I., et al. A first-in-class pan-lysyl oxidase inhibitor impairs stromal remodeling and enhances gemcitabine response and survival in pancreatic cancer. Nat Cancer 2023;4:1326-1344.
  3. Xu, Q., Streuer, A., Jann, J-C., Altrock, E., Schmitt, N., Flach, J. et al. Inhibition of lysyl oxidases synergizes with 5-azacytidine to restore erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic and myeloid malignancies. Nat Commun 2023;14(1):1497.
  4. Saatci, O., Kaymak, A., Raza, U., Ersan, P.G., Akbulut, O., Banister, C.E., et al. Targeting lysyl oxidase (LOX) overcomes chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2020;11:2416.
  5. Reynaud, C., Ferreras, L., Mauro, P. D., Kan, C., Croset, M., Bonnelye, E., et al. Lysyl Oxidase Is a Strong Determinant of Tumor Cell Colonization in Bone. Cancer Res 2017;77(2):268-278.
  6. Bonnans, C., Chou, J.,Werb, Z. Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 2014;15:786-801.
  7. Erler, J.T., Bennewith, K.L., Cox, T.R., Lang, G., Bird, D., Koong, A., et al. Hypoxia-induced lysyl oxidase is a critical mediator of bone marrow cell recruitment to form the premetastatic niche. Cancer Cell 2009;15:35-44.